nexus.io

Welcome to Nexus Blockchain Developer portal.

History of Nexus

Why Nexus?

Nexus Vision & Goals

Intro to Nexus network

Utility for NXS

Nexus Virtual Machine (NVM)

Nodes & Core

Mobile Wallet

TAO Framework

Lower Level Library (LLL)

Namespaces

Quantum Threat

Legacy VS Tritium

D.A.O

Consensus

Decentralization

Security

Innovations

Roadmap

Software Stack

Signature Chains

Quantum Resistance

3-D Blockchain

LX-OS

LISP

Trust

Decentralized Identity

Contracts

Ethereum to Nexus

Internet of Things (IoT)

Economics

Amendments

The Social Stack

Web 3.0

dApps

Tokens

Assets (NFTs)

Fees

Developer Guide

Smart Contract APIs

Templates

System APIs

Register APIs

Profiles APIs

Sessions APIs

Finance API

Assets API

Ledger API

Invoices API

Market APIs

Names APIs

Supply API

Error Handling

Tokenizing Assets

Use Cases

Brick & Mortar Store

Certificates

Gaming

User Guide

Desktop Wallet

Staking

Invoice Module

Network Guide

Run a Mainnet Node -CLI

Update Mainnet CLI node

Run a Testnet Node

Run a Private Node

Connect Node to Interface

F.A.Q

Glossary

nexus assets

Nexus Dev Docs

Nexus Developer Docs

Production

Sandbox

<h3 class="slate-h3">A brief history of Blockchain &amp; Nexus.</h3><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets"><em class="slate-italic"><strong class="slate-bold">“I’ve been working on a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.�?  - Satoshi Nakamoto</strong></em></p><h2 class="slate-h2"><span style="color:#6C9EEB" class="slate-color"><strong style="color:#6C9EEB" class="slate-bold">The Beginning of Blockchain</strong></span></h2><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets"><em class="slate-italic"><strong class="slate-bold">All Hallows’ Eve 2008. </strong></em></p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System? hits Metzdowd.com and the architecture for a trusted, distributed, peer-to-peer ledger is born.</p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets"> Blockchain, as described in the initial paper, is simply a chain of verified and recorded transactions linked to one another. Every time a new transaction (or set of digital information) is created, all computers in the network validate that action and add it to the distributed ledger chronologically. This creates immutability which simply means that the information is hard coded and anyone is able to go back and check the true state of the ledger at any specific time. </p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">Presented as the solution to the 2007-2008 financial crisis, one of the main innovations of Bitcoin was the elimination of the double-spending problem. In the old monetary system if Mary sent $10 to Joe and then tried to send the same $10 to Steve the banks would let her. It would result in chargebacks and overdraft fees, making it difficult for businesses and individuals to trust each other. In contrast, a blockchain will not let you spend that second $10, or rather 10 bitcoins or nexus, as all the computers in the network would reject the 2nd transaction unless Mary had enough money in her account. Blockchains create a truthful history of accounts with irreversible transactions to help us transition from a debt-based monetary system to one that is equity-based. </p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">You may have heard stories about Satoshi; that he was a laid-off programmer fed up with a corrupt system or an idealist who wanted to eliminate fractional reserve banking. There are also rumors that Satoshi Nakamoto was actually a group of cypherpunks. Regardless, his innovation of a trusted, secure, and peer-to-peer distributed ledger is the pinnacle of transparency and accountability in our digital age.</p><h2 class="slate-h2"><span style="color:#6C9EEB" class="slate-color"><strong style="color:#6C9EEB" class="slate-bold">The Beginning of Nexus</strong></span></h2><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets"><em class="slate-italic"><strong class="slate-bold">Nexus the beast from Satoshi Island</strong></em></p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">Nexus was born from a deep desire to build a better world, where Satoshi’s vision of a true decentralized, distributed, global peer-to-peer network could give humanity a better and easier way to transfer financial and informational value. Colin Cantrell, the chief architect and founder of Nexus, sat back in 2013 and watched the evolution of the crypto industry. He saw the strength of on-chain transactions through Proof-of-Work (PoW) and the weaknesses in the Peercoin Proof-of-Stake (PoS) system. He witnessed the benefits and limitations of the original blockchain engineering and took the opportunity to rewrite the code from scratch, including the most secure and efficient protocols for scalability and mass adoption. 

At this time, the altcoin market was being flooded with scams and pump-and-dump schemes where coins pushing promises, buzzwords, and the allure of quick profits were used to swindle BTC from communities. From Colin’s vision, Coinshield (CSD) was born. </p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">The first CSD block was mined on September 23, 2014, at 16:20 UTC-7, and the project soon-to-be-named Nexus went live. At that point, Coinshield had one channel for mining: a Prime Mining channel (CPU). On October 23, 2014, the second PoW Hashing (GPU) channel was launched. The rewards system included a self-funding mechanism where a portion from each mined block would be sent to one of 13 developer accounts and another portion would be sent to one of 13 exchange accounts. On January 24, 2015, CSD was listed on Bittrex Exchange. </p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">Shortly afterward, the Core team drafted the first white paper that outlined how the network would recycle and merge the economies and communities of the scam coins. The goal was to help those people, bring them into the CSD community, and help clean up the cryptosphere. The exchange accounts would be used to merge these economies by exchanging the coins for a portion of CSD. 

Soon after, Colin announced the intention to rebrand and on July 24, 2015, Nexus version 2.0 was released with Nexus Proof-of-Stake (nPOS) and the introduction of the Trust Network. This laid the foundation for the broader scope of Nexus. In October 2015, a more formal team was formed to promote development, expand the community, and market Nexus. The ticker symbol was revised to NXS. Discussions on Nexus’s direction led to the decision to abandon the recycling and merging that was part of the Coinshield project. The technical work required to implement the merging was done, but with the explosion in the number of new cryptos, the process would have had little impact. Therefore, Nexus began to develop into something much more expansive. The project had a whole new direction.</p>

“I’ve been working on a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.�?  - Satoshi Nakamoto

Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System? hits Metzdowd.com and the architecture for a trusted, distributed, peer-to-peer ledger is born.

 Blockchain, as described in the initial paper, is simply a chain of verified and recorded transactions linked to one another. Every time a new transaction (or set of digital information) is created, all computers in the network validate that action and add it to the distributed ledger chronologically. This creates immutability which simply means that the information is hard coded and anyone is able to go back and check the true state of the ledger at any specific time. 

Presented as the solution to the 2007-2008 financial crisis, one of the main innovations of Bitcoin was the elimination of the double-spending problem. In the old monetary system if Mary sent $10 to Joe and then tried to send the same $10 to Steve the banks would let her. It would result in chargebacks and overdraft fees, making it difficult for businesses and individuals to trust each other. In contrast, a blockchain will not let you spend that second $10, or rather 10 bitcoins or nexus, as all the computers in the network would reject the 2nd transaction unless Mary had enough money in her account. Blockchains create a truthful history of accounts with irreversible transactions to help us transition from a debt-based monetary system to one that is equity-based. 

You may have heard stories about Satoshi; that he was a laid-off programmer fed up with a corrupt system or an idealist who wanted to eliminate fractional reserve banking. There are also rumors that Satoshi Nakamoto was actually a group of cypherpunks. Regardless, his innovation of a trusted, secure, and peer-to-peer distributed ledger is the pinnacle of transparency and accountability in our digital age.

Nexus was born from a deep desire to build a better world, where Satoshi’s vision of a true decentralized, distributed, global peer-to-peer network could give humanity a better and easier way to transfer financial and informational value. Colin Cantrell, the chief architect and founder of Nexus, sat back in 2013 and watched the evolution of the crypto industry. He saw the strength of on-chain transactions through Proof-of-Work (PoW) and the weaknesses in the Peercoin Proof-of-Stake (PoS) system. He witnessed the benefits and limitations of the original blockchain engineering and took the opportunity to rewrite the code from scratch, including the most secure and efficient protocols for scalability and mass adoption. 

At this time, the altcoin market was being flooded with scams and pump-and-dump schemes where coins pushing promises, buzzwords, and the allure of quick profits were used to swindle BTC from communities. From Colin’s vision, Coinshield (CSD) was born. 

The first CSD block was mined on September 23, 2014, at 16:20 UTC-7, and the project soon-to-be-named Nexus went live. At that point, Coinshield had one channel for mining: a Prime Mining channel (CPU). On October 23, 2014, the second PoW Hashing (GPU) channel was launched. The rewards system included a self-funding mechanism where a portion from each mined block would be sent to one of 13 developer accounts and another portion would be sent to one of 13 exchange accounts. On January 24, 2015, CSD was listed on Bittrex Exchange. 

Shortly afterward, the Core team drafted the first white paper that outlined how the network would recycle and merge the economies and communities of the scam coins. The goal was to help those people, bring them into the CSD community, and help clean up the cryptosphere. The exchange accounts would be used to merge these economies by exchanging the coins for a portion of CSD. 

Soon after, Colin announced the intention to rebrand and on July 24, 2015, Nexus version 2.0 was released with Nexus Proof-of-Stake (nPOS) and the introduction of the Trust Network. This laid the foundation for the broader scope of Nexus. In October 2015, a more formal team was formed to promote development, expand the community, and market Nexus. The ticker symbol was revised to NXS. Discussions on Nexus’s direction led to the decision to abandon the recycling and merging that was part of the Coinshield project. The technical work required to implement the merging was done, but with the explosion in the number of new cryptos, the process would have had little impact. Therefore, Nexus began to develop into something much more expansive. The project had a whole new direction.

History of Nexus Blockchain (NXS)

Why you should consider Building on Nexus?

There is an increasing number of smart contract platforms rolling out in the crypto space, with many becoming household names. However, a dark horse in the race to be the most efficient and secure blockchain is ‘Nexus’. Given its low market cap, most people have never heard of this seven-year-old blockchain, yet it delivers far more than many of the leading smart contract platforms today.

The Nexus roadmap is extensive, with massive upgrades and new features still to come, many of which are just around the corner. However, let’s now focus on the top 10 reasons to build on Nexus based on its current capabilities. All these features can be used by developers on the public network or their own private chain.

Nexus was designed from its inception with composability in mind. The team and the community have been building a “connected world” that is achievable only with a trustless bridge between the mainstream Web2 infrastructure, such as marketplaces, development platforms, automation tools, game engines, and social networks, and the emerging Web3, powered by Nexus’ integrated API (Application Programming Interface) kit.

The term "no-code" refers to the development of digital products, such as websites or apps, without needing to write code. No-code platforms provide a visual interface, where users can drag and drop elements to build applications, making it accessible for non-developers to create and manage their own decentralized applications.

Nexus API offers a platform-agnostic API kit that is designed with composability in mind. This allows a seamless bridge between mainstream Web2 infrastructure such as marketplaces, development platforms, automation tools, game engines, and social networks, and the emerging Web3. This broad compatibility can empower web developers and even no-code developers to build blockchain applications. Thus, by providing a more accessible and flexible tool for development, Nexus API can help democratize Web3 development and encourage wider adoption.

Tokens and Assets (NFTs) can easily be created via the Nexus wallet or Nexus API. The fee for token creation depends on the total supply, whereas the fee for NFT creation costs 1 NXS.

Nexus has a multi-tiered naming system that offers globally unique identification, personalization, and branding opportunities. Three categories exist: local names, namespaces, and global names, all of which can be created via the Nexus desktop wallet.

5: Mobile-friendly Automated Key Management

Nexus has built a groundbreaking transactional architecture called ‘Signature Chains’ that replaces the legacy UTxO, and so-called account-based models, to simplify application development, and wallet usability, and therefore boost user adoption.

Signature Chains also enhance the security of existing ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm). They generate one-time-use key-pairs derived from the Nexus wallet credentials, of which the public key’s hash is only published once the key-pair is used, while deterministically generating a new key-pair while signing the next transaction.

It is free to send and receive NXS, tokens, and assets (NFTs). However, there is a 0.01 NXS fee applied to every simple contract generated within 10 seconds of the last transaction to prevent transaction spam attacks on the network.

Our latest test shows that the current release can achieve 655 transactions per second on a live application, with each transaction able to contain up to 100 contracts.

Nexus has developed its own database called the Lower Level Database (LLD). It is a fast and modular storage engine that is capable of outperforming most of the current embedded database engines that exist.

Nexus is not a business; we are an enthusiastic community of independent thinkers and creative problem solvers focused on achieving decentralization through the application of innovative and original technology. We uphold the initial decentralized vision of cryptocurrency and a world where resources are applied more efficiently so that more people are able to unlock their authentic potential. We invite you to join us in building a decentralized future. Visit our Twitter or website to learn more, and if you have any questions, please join one of our Telegram support channels or use the chat box on our website.

These 10 reasons to build on Nexus are only a taste of what this unique blockchain and smart contracts platform has to offer. Our P2P market API and Query DSL are currently in testing, and forthcoming upgrades will include Pooled staking, Conditional Contracts DSL (Domain Specific Language), Augmented (smart) contracts, Hybrid mode, Distributed Files System, and the beginning of the DAO architecture. So there is a lot more to look forward to!

We all see the harmful effects of centralized systems, especially when it comes to technology and finance. Join us and be part of the decentralized solution.

Decentralized Non-Custodial Mobile Node wallet

For any blockchain platform to be remotely successful it needs to make the technology easy and accessible to normal people. Nexus achieves this with a truly decentralized mobile wallet and signature chains.
The mobile wallet puts the blockchain in every person's hand, combining that with the free transactions and ease of building dapps with APIs that the developers can use to design DApps, which in turn will create utility for Nexus.
Traditionally, mobile wallets use proxy servers run by third parties or wallet developers to communicate with the blockchain network. The proxy server acts as a trusted party and is the sole provider of information regarding the blockchain state. The Nexus wallet, on the other hand, runs the same desktop core and operates as a lite node by downloading a list of peers from the network seed nodes and forming connections to several of its peers. This allows the wallet to broadcast transactions directly to the network and detect confirmations by checking for inclusion against block headers. The Nexus mobile wallet gains added security by being able to verify block headers provided by multiple peers instead of through one central node. For the tech-savvy, this is also known as 

Following the principle of the Nexus Software Stack, new mobile dapps will be able to interface and interact with the local wallet instead of relying on a separate server to obtain information regarding the blockchain state. The Nexus mobile wallet is also completely non-custodial, meaning that your Signature Chain remains completely private. All transactions are processed and packaged on the local device and then broadcast to the rest of the network, just like a full node.
By necessity, the Nexus mobile wallet will only store and process block headers and the user's signature chain, starting with the hash of the very first Tritium block hard-coded into the wallet. For an advanced user running their own full node and certain API functionality, it is possible to enable the mobile wallet to establish a direct connection. This enables a user to offload heavy computational work to their desktop node, such as searching through historical data or maintaining a full copy of the blockchain.

The Nexus mobile wallet has been designed with decentralization and mass adoption at its core. The mobile wallet will put blockchain in everyone's hand and this will make Nexus a de-facto choice for any developer to consider. Signature chains make it a hassle-free experience for the user, in case the smartphone is lost or damaged, will not permanently lock the user's crypto portfolio, just download the wallet and log in on the new phone and the user has full access to his Nexus assets.
Nexus mobile wallet will replace and challenge the centralized system designs, available in the crypto sphere.

Hybrid networks provide scalability and privacy

Today fully decentralized blockchains are still in their infancy and scalability holds back the full potential. There are a lot of scaling technologies being integrated like Lightning and Plasma which claim to solve the problem of scalability, but layer 2 solutions are not the best approach to scale fully decentralized blockchains.
Nexus designed two different scaling solutions, depending on the use cases and requirements, the first being the Hybrid network. Nexus is designed to be a hybrid Network. Hybrid networks will solve a lot of problems faced by other chains like scalability, privacy, and security for sensitive client data.

Hybrid networks allow private and public chains of hybrid user account to exist as a single entity. A particular private network is linked to the public chain with a unique hybrid user account. This allows the company's sensitive sales and finance data on the private chain to be truly private and secure, but still, be secured with the public chain by creating state recording checkpoints on the public network. The hybrid network can have their own consensus mechanisms implemented if required.

Hybrid networks let the Nexus chain scale horizontally, as it offloads processing to the private nodes and that creates parallel processing chains. When a lot of hybrid networks join the public chain the Nexus blockchain can scale massively while still preserving the privacy and security of the private networks. The Hybrid chain will be the preferred way for enterprises and organizations to embrace and shift to blockchain.

Designed for the real world, everyone's everyday contracts.

The Nexus Virtual Machine (NVM) is a state machine and exists as one single entity maintained by hundreds of connected Nexus nodes.

The Nexus software stack exists solely for the purpose of keeping the continuous, uninterrupted, and immutable operation of this special state machine; it's the environment in which all Nexus Accounts and Advanced contracts live. At any given point in the chain, Nexus has one and only one canonical state, and the NVM is what defines the rules for computing a new valid state from block to block.

Even though all smart-contract platforms are state machines, the obsession to be scalable for real-world usage, culminated in the distinct architecture of NVM. To easily distinguish the better architecture, it was imperative to name contracts on Nexus as Advanced contracts. Below we will unravel the architecture.

The NVM is designed as a "64 bit", "register-based"; this design was chosen as it matches the CPU's 64-bit and mimics the CPU cache registers.
This design makes the NVM very fast compared to EVM as it's designed for the processors of today. To put it in numbers, EVM takes 1.7 million nanoseconds/instruction and NVM takes 33 nanoseconds/instruction. EVM is at a huge disadvantage as it takes 4 cycles to complete an instruction due to its 256-bit length on a 64-bit CPU and also its dated stack design.

The NVM is designed intentionally not to be turing complete, this decision also stems from the fact that Nexus is a Verification engine. This design has a huge upside and that is free simple transactions, while EVM needs Gas to control computation requests due to bad contract code, which can grind the network to a halt. With the NVM design advanced contracts will have predictable fees which will be calculated before contract execution.
Nexus will have different types of contracts, for the higher-level APIs, templates will be provided, which a user can choose from a dropdown list. For advanced users, augmented contracts will empower them to use contracts with their choice of domain-specific language. Augmented contracts will be available at a later date. For more details refer to the 

To put it in a simple way, contracts are a request to perform a specific type of instruction on data which results in a change in the data. In the Nexus software stack the Operations layer contains the instructions or actions that give registers context, and define more complex contract logic and the Register layer is the data layer. A contract is an object containing: a register pre-state (the register that is being operated on that was passed upwards from the Register Layer), a primitive operation (only one primitive operation per contract), and a set of conditions (any amount of conditional operations).

The current iteration of the Operations Layer contains 16 primitive operations, and 54 conditional operations and types. The primitive operations can be best described as the actions taking place on the register such as: WRITE, DEBIT, TRANSFER, APPEND, etc. These actions themselves cause the register to change its state in some way or form, including its movement from one signature chain to another.

Conditional Contracts are an agreement between participating parties, outlining a set of requirements that must be met for a transaction to be complete. They are the building blocks that allow users to engage with one another, such as contract expiration, or the exchanging of items. More advanced forms of non-custodial escrow or arbitration are also possible. Conditional statements have no limit to their complexity, being capable of handling groups of groups of conditions that together evaluate to either true or false. In the case the conditions return true, this allows the recipient of the transaction to claim their funds or object (depending on if this was a TRANSFER or DEBIT). In the case that the recipient is unable to satisfy the conditions, after a period of time set by the sender, the transaction will be redeemable.

The API layer extrapolates from the contracts (registers and operation layers). The developers can easily use the API, rather than having to code "a smart-contract". Even though the API layer is not a contract layer it uses the same contract layers which can be directly accessed by domain-specific languages (DSL), to create custom contracts. This highlights the brilliant architecture of the software stack as the same contracts can be made available to no-code, web developers or to integrate into existing applications, at the same time abstracting them from the complexity of code or blockchain.

Nexus has designed a multi-pronged approach to tackle development on Nexus. This gives everyone an opportunity to build and integrate truly decentralized solutions. The details of the various contracts on Nexus are given below

Query DSL is one of the contract languages that adds capabilities similar to SQL query, including wildcard search and logical operators, enabling one to search or filter any digital asset or token on Nexus directly through the API. For example, one could search Property Titles in Arizona. This feature sets the foundation for a decentralized search engine.
The Query DSL allows you to search any aspect of the chain, you can also filter and even operate on the queried dataset. Supported operators are: min, max, mean, mode, sum, floor, array, sdev, and median. More operators will be available at a later date.
Query basically gives SQL functionality over a blockchain dataset. The operators make it have Excel functionality, among others. It's really powerful for developers. It can even search the entire chain:

Above will show every name that starts with the letter 'l'. It can then run operators on that, by filtering out fields:

This will give the same dataset, but give you a JSON array of the names that start with 'l', not including the other fields. It also supports multiple filters:

This will respond with name and owner fields, somewhat like a SQL query where you do select name FROM names. So it gives a developer data modeling capabilities on top of the blockchain functionality.
A global search of the entire chain takes 1 to 2 seconds. Running the first register command I get:
[Completed in 1862.234494 ms]

Conditional contracts are binary contract templates, users will be able to select a contract standard to send with. This will lead to the dynamic allocation of contract standards and object standards per command set. Standardization is where we can allocate new contracts that will automatically populate in standards lists, without the need for a wallet upgrade.
What that means is we will be able to deploy new contract standards without needing to release a new wallet. It will read a public sigchain that records contract and object standards. This will lead to dynamic constants as well, such as fees so that we can adjust consensus critical values without the need for hard forks or updates to the core daemon.
When a user sends funds using the Nexus Interface, they get an extra drop-down that allows them to select from a list of standard template contracts to send under. This is a major step toward real-world use of smart contracts.

Conditional Contracts DSL, a new standard to be written in a higher-level language and compiled into bytecode. Designed for users who will be developing new API or contract standards. It enables conditional contracts to be written directly into the API with the use of English, which is a crucial step in realizing the full potential of Tritium’s contract functionality. This approach also allows people to be able to read or interpret contracts. This will reveal a lot of new functionality to developers.
We thus far have maintained the standard contracts as embedded constants in the codebase. The ability for developers to code new contracts provides the opportunity for dynamic standardization using Nexus to manage this state, similar to dynamic object modeling.
More specific information will be updated when available.

For advanced developers who need full creative control, we have developed Augmented Contacts which can be used with any domain-specific language of choice. Today we have Conditional Contracts, Primitive Operators, and Registers.
Conditional VM will be a subset of Augmented, such as in my function I have an if statement, this is executed as a condition. But augmented will allow writing complex code. For instance, I have an account, and I do an operator overload function for DEBIT, that can add additional requirements for a debit from that account such as max amount per time interval, etc. I could add another public method that could be invoked by another user to draw an amount on my account if they fulfill a certain condition, and so forth. It will be the full implementation of our interpreter where we will have the functionality of most languages like Java and C.

Augmented Contracts are the second type of contract that will be available in the Tritium Protocol. These types of contracts extend the Conditional VM (Virtual Machine that processes Conditional Statements) to provide additional benefits including, but not limited to, methods, functions, operation overloading, and encapsulation. Augmented contracts add a layer of complexity and processing, so will carry a higher fee to execute. This will require more on-chain processing, but overall makes our Contract Engine much more powerful.

The goal of Augmented Contracts is to provide relative capabilities of complex languages like C, so we will support polymorphism, operator overloading, functions, methods, public, private, protected, unique, etc. augmented contracts built on the existing VM- and register-based architecture. More programmable languages and things like maps, vectors, functions, etc. will come with augmented contracts.
More specific information will be updated when available.

<p class="slate-p slate-indent-0" style="margin-left:0px" placeholder="Type / for widgets">The Bigger Picture

Extremely ambitious and over-engineered stands as a valid criticism of Nexus’s goals and technical designs. Nevertheless, that energy provides the necessary impetus to pursue an alternative future. Refusing to follow the trend and hype of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), Nexus paved its own path, every passing day affirming these decisions instead of rebuking them. Specifically, the attention to software stack, multiple consensus channels, layer one scalability, decentralized identity (DID), quantum resistance and Application Programming Interface (API) creates a unified foundation to expand upon. </p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">This culminates in the formation of a fully decentralized internet, secured by Nexus blockchain, owned and operated by the people. The technical designs may be over-engineered for today&apos;s standards, but are intended to last for centuries.</p><h3 class="slate-h3"><span style="color:#6C9EEB" class="slate-color"><strong style="color:#6C9EEB" class="slate-bold">Goals</strong></span></h3><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">Nexus is establishing the foundation for a Decentralized Web (DWeb) by completely replacing the internet’s OSI Model and traditional conventions with <a href="https://www.nexus.io/" target="_blank">The Nexus Protocol</a>. It is driven by a blockchain-based operating system (LX-OS) currently under development and will be connected by ground stations, distributed satellite constellations, and terrestrial mesh networks.</p><ul class="slate-ul"><li class="slate-li"><div style="position:relative">Create the fastest, decentralized layer 1 blockchain, with advanced contracts, to encompass any type of use case with API&apos;s or augmented contracts depending on the complexity.</div></li><li class="slate-li"><div style="position:relative">A fully decentralized mobile wallet, which can accord blockchain access to millions of banked and unbanked people of the world, for a true peer-to-peer (P2P) experience.</div></li><li class="slate-li"><div style="position:relative">Create a decentralized search engine that will work on LLD, Nexus Cloud, and IPFS.</div></li><li class="slate-li"><div style="position:relative">Create a decentralized cloud storage system, where network participants running nodes can lease their additional storage to the network. The storage will be powered by the file API and will bring in a lot of utility and compensation for leasing storage to the network.</div></li><li class="slate-li"><div style="position:relative">Create the fastest, most scalable, and decentralized 3-dimensional chain which can scale automatically with the growth of the network, will provide better security with checks an balances and also bring the confirmation times for trusted transactions within 5 secs.</div></li><li class="slate-li"><div style="position:relative">LX-OS: A hardened <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629130424/https://www.publish0x.com/nexus-blockchain-technical-articles/nexos-the-next-chapter-of-the-nexus-protocol-three-part-seri-xdrowrl" target="_blank">Operating System</a> designed to resist attacks from malware, backdoors, and similar vulnerabilities through the augmentation of blockchain technology. The first phase will focus on embedded systems (IoT and satellites), with later iterations encompassing consumer hardware UI.</div></li><li class="slate-li"><div style="position:relative">Satellite &amp; Mesh Networks: A distributed network infrastructure consisting of tokenized micro-satellites, ground stations, and phased array antennas, providing an alternative to centralized Internet Service Providers (ISPs).</div></li></ul><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets"></p>

The Bigger Picture

Extremely ambitious and over-engineered stands as a valid criticism of Nexus’s goals and technical designs. Nevertheless, that energy provides the necessary impetus to pursue an alternative future. Refusing to follow the trend and hype of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), Nexus paved its own path, every passing day affirming these decisions instead of rebuking them. Specifically, the attention to software stack, multiple consensus channels, layer one scalability, decentralized identity (DID), quantum resistance and Application Programming Interface (API) creates a unified foundation to expand upon. 

This culminates in the formation of a fully decentralized internet, secured by Nexus blockchain, owned and operated by the people. The technical designs may be over-engineered for today's standards, but are intended to last for centuries.

Nexus is establishing the foundation for a Decentralized Web (DWeb) by completely replacing the internet’s OSI Model and traditional conventions with 

. It is driven by a blockchain-based operating system (LX-OS) currently under development and will be connected by ground stations, distributed satellite constellations, and terrestrial mesh networks.

<p>Introduction to Nexus</p><h3><span><strong>What is the Nexus Network?</strong></span></h3><p>It is a network of computers that runs the core (a software implementation of Nexus blockchain protocols) and communicates via the internet to form a single <em>&lt;</em></p>

It is a network of computers that runs the core (a software implementation of Nexus blockchain protocols) and communicates via the internet to form a single 

 supercomputer called the Nexus Virtual Machine (NVM). The NVM is a 

 and all the participants agree and keep a copy of the state. Any user can request a transaction on the network and when such a  request is broadcast, other participants on the network verify, validate and carry out 

 the request. This execution causes a state change in the NVM, which is then committed and propagated throughout the entire network.

Requests for contract execution are called transaction requests; the record of all transactions and the NVM's present state gets stored on the blockchain (

), which in turn is stored and agreed upon by all nodes.

Cryptographic mechanisms ensure that once transactions are verified as valid and added to the blockchain, they can't be tampered with later. The same mechanisms also ensure that all transactions are signed and executed with appropriate "permissions" (no one should be able to log into John's account, except for John, who has the signature chain credentials).

 is the native cryptocurrency of the Nexus cosmos. Nexus has been designed for free simple transactions. The purpose of NXS is to allow for proper gamification of the network. To ensure that the active participants are compensated for the work done and prevent malicious participants from intentionally clogging the network by requesting infinite micro transactions (spamming) and name squatting. NXS is the ticker symbol of Nexus.

NXS is created by the protocol as compensation for miners and stakers for providing computational resources and securing the network. Thus the gamification ensures the network participants verify and execute transaction requests and provide computational resources to the network and upgrade them when needed.


Any participant who broadcasts a contract execution request must also offer some amount of NXS to the network as a fee. This fee will be awarded to whoever eventually does the work of verifying the transaction, executing it, committing it to the blockchain, and broadcasting it to the network.
Developers can build decentralized applications (dapps) using the REST API, Augmented contracts. NXS allows users to use the network for things like creating tokens, assets, tokenizing assets, namespaces, supply chain solutions, etc.


The 7-layered software stack architecture plays a crucial role; in its operations and register layer which commands and controls the NVM.

The register layer is the data storage system that maintains an immutable record and history, including current and previous states, therefore they can be used to record the state of applications. The register layer is the data layer which mimics the CPU cache memory which is the fastest memory on a computer.

The operation layer contains instructions or actions that give registers context, and define more complex contract logic. A contract is an object containing: a register pre-state (the register that is being operated on that was passed upwards from the Register Layer), a primitive operation (only one primitive operation per contract), and a set of conditions (any amount of conditional operations).

At a more basic level, Advanced Contracts are comparable to real-world contracts, written on paper and enforced by a court of law. It's highly advanced as it's enforced by code, it's binding and it makes trusted third parties redundant.

Advanced contracts, empower developers to build and deploy arbitrarily complex user-facing apps and services such as P2P marketplaces, decentralized financial instruments, games, etc.

Nexus is a community-run project and compared to other crypto projects, our vision reflects the Nexus architecture and development. Nexus is at best a toolbox, and as it stands today will not provide a finished product to users, except the fully functional desktop and mobile wallets. We are confident the community will build applications for end users which will start a symbiotic cycle of organic growth.

Nexus simple transactions are free, but most operations and contract execution will have fees, this is done to protect spamming the network and to avoid some actors from taking undue advantage.
To know and better understand the fee structure click on the link below.

Nexus makes it very simple to generate tokens with the UI wallet and as of today, we can create fungible and non-fungible tokens. The Nexus Tokens API can be used to create fungible tokens and the Assets API can be used to create Non-fungible tokens.

A fungible token is something that is identical in nature and interchangeable. These tokens can be divided and exchanged for another. Generally, most cryptocurrencies are considered to be fungible. For example, a Bitcoin is fungible. You can trade one Bitcoin for another, and you will end up with the exact same thing. Other examples of fungible asset classes are bonds, commodities, cryptocurrencies, and precious metals.

Non-fungible is something that is distinct or unique and cannot be replaced with something else. A one-of-a-kind trading card is non-fungible. The primary attribute of non-fungibility is uniqueness.


Nexus provides native Names and Namespaces which are one of the important things a developer has to take advantage to provide the best user experience.

Names and Namespaces are special kinds of object registers that are used as locators to other object registers in the blockchain. When an object register is first created (an asset for example) the caller can provide a name for the register. If a name is provided then a Name object register is also created with its register address based on a hash of the name. The Name object also has an address field, which is populated with the register address of the register (asset, token, account etc) that the Name "points" to. In this way, objects can be retrieved by name by first hashing the name to get the Name object's address, retrieving the Name object, and then using the address stored within it to retrieve the object register. A Name then, is best thought of as a named index to object registers

Names on Nexus are of three different types:

Local Names are local to a user account (sig chain). To use a local name you must prefix the name with the owners 

. This is equivalent to saying "look at all the Names registered in the sig chain 

 and then see what object register it points to". There can only be one Name called 

Namespace are globally unique keyword and Namespaces allow users to provide user-friendly names for their object registers without needing to disclose their username. This is useful for privacy, but also to allow names to be related to a business or some other meaningful context. To avoid name-squatting registering a namespace name attracts a high fee (1000 NXS).


These are created within the context of a namespace, which itself is a globally unique keyword. To use a namespaced name you must prefix the name with the namespace separated by a double colon, e.g. bobscoffeeshop::payments. In this example, bob would have first registered the namespace bobscoffeeshop and created an account to receive payments to (which could be called anything). He then creates a Name with a name=payments, namespace=bobscoffeeshop, and address=(register address of the account). From then on, anyone can use the name bobscoffeeshop::payments and it will resolve to the register address of the account. Creating Names within that namespace costs only 1 NXS.

Global names require no username or namespace prefix, and are therefore globally unique. These will be likely reserved for use cases where a succinct, unique, name is necessary, for example, a token ticker symbol. To avoid needless name-squatting, global names attract a high fee (2000 NXS).

Global Name registered and linked to a token will be referred by the ticker NEX instead of its register address 8B5pKxGWgBM9nXzucrqmhdy9PuDHxDi41fqosXZsLTUXGfQ4CXn . This will also be convenient to launch the token on the P2P marketplace or DeFi when available.


<p>Nexus is a community-driven blockchain project built on a seven-layer software stack. It's designed to be a decentralized platform that can accommodate any use case that can be built on other platforms. Its main unique features include the introduction of signature chains, which creates a unique user blockchain that can be accessed with a username, password, and PIN. The platform also offers free simple transactions and is quantum resistan</p>

Nexus is a community-driven blockchain project built on a seven-layer software stack. It's designed to be a decentralized platform that can accommodate any use case that can be built on other platforms. Its main unique features include the introduction of signature chains, which creates a unique user blockchain that can be accessed with a username, password, and PIN. The platform also offers free simple transactions and is quantum resistant.

One of the major innovations of Nexus is the introduction of 'Advanced Contracts', which are comparable to real-world contracts and are enforced by code and designed to replace trusted third parties. Nexus also allows easy token & asset (NFT) creation through its wallet and API.

Furthermore, Nexus is working towards creating a hybrid network that provides scalability and privacy, combining the benefits of private and public blockchains. It also aims to establish a foundation for a Decentralized Web (DWeb) by completely replacing the internet’s OSI Model with The Nexus Protocol.

Another key innovation is the Nexus Virtual Machine (NVM), a state machine that maintains an immutable record and history, including current and previous states, and can be used to record the state of applications.

In terms of fees, Nexus simple transactions are free, but most operations and contract execution will have fees to protect against spamming the network. It also offers native Names and Namespaces for developers to provide better user experience.

Nexus's future goals include creating a decentralized cloud storage system, a decentralized search engine, a fully decentralized mobile wallet, and a decentralized 3-dimensional chain for scalability.

<p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">The first NXS block was mined on September 23rd of 2014 at 16:20:00 GMT – 7. As of July 29 2023, the total supply of NXS is 74,797,507.31, which is 95.89% of the September 2024 target of 78,000,000.</p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">The issuance of NXS is independent of a central bank or government, it has zero debt or interest associated with its distribution, and its supply is regulated by mathematics. This is in direct contrast to the creation of new loans of fiat currency by ‘Fractional Reserve Banking’, which people are required to pay back to a bank.</p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">The process of creating NXS requires mining (similar to that of Bitcoin) or staking, which gives a base value to the currency backed by the physical resources required to create each individual coin. Both miners and stakers contribute real resources or equity to the Nexus ecosystem, such as energy, hardware, and time. In return, they receive newly created NXS. Defining the rewards for miners and stakers is very important. Too low and rewards are not significant enough to encourage nodes to mine and stake. Too high and the growth in supply could erode the value of the currency over time.</p><h3 class="slate-h3"><span style="color:rgb(12, 164, 251)" class="slate-color"><strong style="color:rgb(12, 164, 251)" class="slate-bold">Annual Inflation</strong></span></h3><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">As of July 29 2023, the current inflation rate for NXS is 4.15%.</p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">After September 2024, both Proof-of-Work channels combined will increase the supply by a maximum of 1 NXS per minute, resulting in the creation of 525,000 NXS per year or a maximum of 0.67% inflation per annum. The growth in supply of NXS from the Proof-of-Stake channel will be capped at a maximum of 3.00% per annum. This makes the post-2024 inflation a maximum of 3.67% that can only be realized if the entire NXS supply were staked at the maximum Stake rate. Currently, it takes one year of consistent staking to build up enough Trust to earn a 3.00% rate of return.</p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">This model is designed to produce an annual growth rate in the supply of a NXS similar to the annual growth rate of the total world supply of gold. Gold is an asset that has often been favored in times of economic crisis as a hedge against the inflation of fiat currencies, due to the scarcity of its supply and the difficulty to increase it.</p><h3 class="slate-h3"><span style="color:rgb(12, 164, 251)" class="slate-color"><strong style="color:rgb(12, 164, 251)" class="slate-bold">Adjustable Rewards</strong></span></h3><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">Unlike Bitcoin, where all miners eventually have to rely on a price rise to keep mining viable, Nexus (NXS) rewards both miners for mining blocks and stakers for holding NXS; all rewards coming from freshly minted coins.</p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets">Nexus adjusts the reward with every block. Using an equation for exponential decay, exp(-kt), where k is a carefully chosen constant, a deposit is made into the global reserves (a decentralized supply management system) every minute. The reserve determines the available reward for miners which is locked to time and not the block production rate. This allows the projected supply to be even more accurately calculated at any second past the network time-lock.</p><p class="slate-p" placeholder="Type / for widgets"></p>

The first NXS block was mined on September 23rd of 2014 at 16:20:00 GMT – 7. As of July 29 2023, the total supply of NXS is 74,797,507.31, which is 95.89% of the September 2024 target of 78,000,000.

The issuance of NXS is independent of a central bank or government, it has zero debt or interest associated with its distribution, and its supply is regulated by mathematics. This is in direct contrast to the creation of new loans of fiat currency by ‘Fractional Reserve Banking’, which people are required to pay back to a bank.

The process of creating NXS requires mining (similar to that of Bitcoin) or staking, which gives a base value to the currency backed by the physical resources required to create each individual coin. Both miners and stakers contribute real resources or equity to the Nexus ecosystem, such as energy, hardware, and time. In return, they receive newly created NXS. Defining the rewards for miners and stakers is very important. Too low and rewards are not significant enough to encourage nodes to mine and stake. Too high and the growth in supply could erode the value of the currency over time.

As of July 29 2023, the current inflation rate for NXS is 4.15%.

After September 2024, both Proof-of-Work channels combined will increase the supply by a maximum of 1 NXS per minute, resulting in the creation of 525,000 NXS per year or a maximum of 0.67% inflation per annum. The growth in supply of NXS from the Proof-of-Stake channel will be capped at a maximum of 3.00% per annum. This makes the post-2024 inflation a maximum of 3.67% that can only be realized if the entire NXS supply were staked at the maximum Stake rate. Currently, it takes one year of consistent staking to build up enough Trust to earn a 3.00% rate of return.

This model is designed to produce an annual growth rate in the supply of a NXS similar to the annual growth rate of the total world supply of gold. Gold is an asset that has often been favored in times of economic crisis as a hedge against the inflation of fiat currencies, due to the scarcity of its supply and the difficulty to increase it.

Unlike Bitcoin, where all miners eventually have to rely on a price rise to keep mining viable, Nexus (NXS) rewards both miners for mining blocks and stakers for holding NXS; all rewards coming from freshly minted coins.

Nexus adjusts the reward with every block. Using an equation for exponential decay, exp(-kt), where k is a carefully chosen constant, a deposit is made into the global reserves (a decentralized supply management system) every minute. The reserve determines the available reward for miners which is locked to time and not the block production rate. This allows the projected supply to be even more accurately calculated at any second past the network time-lock.

<p>Nexus is building DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) technology based on mathematical regulation to improve the overall network governance model. The technology will enable groups that share similar knowledge and interests to vote together on subject matters that they have expertise in. By encapsulating values that are alike into groups that determine a smaller part of the entire decision itself, we can improve the overall reflection o</p>

Nexus is building DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) technology based on mathematical regulation to improve the overall network governance model. The technology will enable groups that share similar knowledge and interests to vote together on subject matters that they have expertise in. By encapsulating values that are alike into groups that determine a smaller part of the entire decision itself, we can improve the overall reflection of value in a system as a whole. This concept can be observed in the human body: the lungs value certain resources over the stomach, heart, kidneys, liver, although they all work together as components of a decentralized system to form the basis of a healthy body.

”The dilemma is not that people have conflicting value systems, but rather that they are usually required to decide together in one group. We believe the best way to enforce the keys is by a public vote on their issuance.”

This is an important step towards the longer term sustainability of our Ecosystem, and the creation of direct accountability of those who are paid to complete work on behalf of the community. In order to fully maintain an active contract, Ambassadors or Developers will be required to uphold the utmost transparency, accountability, and performance necessary for continued support. Mathematically enforced management of the funds will prevent the mismanagement of funds, corruption, coercion, and complacency that can arise in growing organizations.

The DAO will be released as a Tritium++ hard fork. This technology is necessary for a stronger community, consensus-oriented fund allocation, and improvements to the overall governance of the network. The DAO will prevent governance issues such as hard forks (such as Bitcoin vs Bitcoin Cash), and it will create a stronger ecosystem through community participation in decision-making, resulting overall in a more resilient and secure public network.

”The keys are like a castle. To encourage accountability, they have to be cryptographically enforced, and we believe the best way to enforce the keys is by a public vote on their issuance.”

With the completion of the Tritium++ upgrade, votes will be recorded on the ledger, and keys will be automatically allocated without the requirement for ‘hard coded’ updates to the protocol, i.e. the process will be fully decentralized, streamlined, and automatic. The DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization), will govern project funding through real-time democratic voting. That is there will be no scheduled election; you will be able to change your voting spread between contracts every so often (e.g.. every month or quarter.)

Currently, we envision two types of contracts: Developers and Ambassador's Embassies:

These are non-profit entities of at least three directors. These organisations are responsible for the technological development of the public network, and support the development of DApps being built on the public network. For-profit development, private networks will not be funded by public funds.

These are non-profit entities of at least three directors. These organizations are responsible for content writing, graphics, public relations, social media, event organisation, exchanges, and outreach to public DApps.

Voting will be actioned in voting groups, where the values of people and the resources that they contribute to the network define the group. Developers and Ambassadors contracts obtain a voting weight based on the trust bestowed upon them by the voting groups. The voting groups have yet to be decided, though each of the individuals in these spheres will embody similar expertise and interests. Possible groups are:

You will be able to abstain, vote, or withdraw your support for a contract (the frequency of voting is yet to be decided). Votes will be weighted by Trust and Stake (algorithm yet to be decided). Therefore, your power to vote will be determined by your total NXS staked, combined with your Trust. This protects against gaming of the voting system by short-term holders of NXS.

Voting is zero-sum, meaning that contracts can only gain voting weight, by another losing it. You will have a total voting weight, which can be allocated by percentage to the contracts you wish to support. An example would be 35% to the German, 35% to AU, and 30% to the US Embassy.

Contracts will become active when they exceed a voting threshold (to be decided), creating resilience to individual gaming if one voter happens to have a large voting weight.

We welcome anyone who would like to shape the architecture of the DAO, to join the DAO working group.

The social stack will also enforce votes through cryptographic verification. It is designed to bring the highest integrity to an organization while maintaining the ability to ‘socially scale’.

The design provides the tools for the formation of a ‘meritocracy’, meaning that everyone has an equal opportunity to be voted into their level of capability, and reward is based on acceptance of responsibility across different roles. This technology will enable groups that share similar knowledge and interests to work together and vote on operational decisions that they have expertise in. Following the same reasoning as the design of the DAO, by encapsulating values that are alike into groups that determine a smaller part of the entire decision itself, we can improve the overall reflection of value in a system as a whole.

When you apply layers to a meritocratic structure, you get a very different picture than when you apply it to an autocratic structure. The difference is a model where those of higher merit have no power over the people they serve, for they truly are ‘public servants’. Leading is but an act of serving, and when we apply this model now into a social system, where merit gains you more responsibility, not authority; then we end up with a model that might just have a chance of showing us that the autocratic model is severely outdated and that now, it’s time for an upgrade.

Our social stack concept utilizes Fibonacci number sequences for the expansion of the groups through each layer and is designed to be extensible to accommodate varying organizational sizes. This stack is a ‘bottom up’ design, meaning that all contracts allocated are accountable to the most fundamental peer group: The Community.

There are no limits to the available layers that can be created, though in this article we describe a six-layer social stack with a working group size of thirteen. This six-layer model can support an organizational size of 520–1040 individuals, with no need for central management. If an additional layer was added using a group size of twenty-one, this would result in an organizational capacity of 10,920–21,840 individuals respectively.